专利摘要:
Filtration process of heterogeneous fluids with suspended matter, formed by digested or similar solutions that comprises the phases of treatment of the fluid (1) consisting of the circulation of the same through equipment with at least two filter media (2) in series, with different degrees of filtration whose retention limit size decreases according to the direction of flow of the fluid and formed by discs; storage (3) in final warehouse (DF); self-cleaning (4) assisted by air of at least one filtering medium (2) obtaining drainage of solids; storage (5) of said drains in a drain tank (DD); where the self-cleaning and storage (4, 5) of drains is carried out during the treatment of the fluid (1); treatment (6) of drains by circulation from the drain tank (DD) through the filtering means (2) in series of the equipment, and; storage (7) in the final tank (DF). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
公开号:ES2789874A1
申请号:ES201930366
申请日:2019-04-25
公开日:2020-10-26
发明作者:Perez Maria Teresa Munuera;Hernandez Beatriz Masdemont;Cobacho Miguel Martinez;López Jose Maria Buitrago;Janne Pihlainen
申请人:Sistema Azud SA;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

[0002] Filtration process of heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter
[0004] Technical field of the invention
[0006] The present invention corresponds to the technical field of the management of fluids with suspended matter, such as digested ones, understanding as such fluids from aerobic / anaerobic digestion processes of agricultural, livestock and / or forestry remains, or any other similar solution. characteristics, and specifically to a filtration process for these fluids.
[0008] Background of the Invention
[0010] At present there is a high production of digests, consisting of fluids from aerobic / anaerobic digestion processes of agricultural, livestock and / or forestry remains, as well as other complex and heterogeneous fluids or solutions, variable in concentration and nature throughout the time and with a high load on suspended particulate matter of organic origin.
[0012] A biorefinery is a facility in which biomass is sustainably transformed into a valuable product, biomass being the mixture of organic matter that can be used as a source of energy or raw material for the production of certain types of products, as can be be the by-products from agricultural, livestock and forestry activities (pruning remains, slurry, crop residues or excessively ripe fruits, flushing water from livestock buildings, etc ...). This biomass is initially processed biologically through aerobic or anaerobic digestion, resulting in a liquid solution that includes high amounts of suspended matter and is called digested.
[0014] The recoverable products that can be obtained in a biorefinery are diverse depending on the physical-chemical characteristics of the biomass used as raw material as well as the process used for its transformation.
[0016] For its part, the digest is an equally heterogeneous liquid in its composition, where the quantity, geometry and particle sizes of the suspended matter it contains are various. It is a potentially polluting fluid whose neutralization and confinement is a problem due to its high processing cost.
[0018] Its content in suspended solids is considerably high and includes organic matter totally or partially biodegraded as well as another series of inorganic compounds such as nitrogen or phosphorus salts that also contribute to it being considered a potentially valuable product.
[0020] This complexity in its concentration is the cause of the problems of these fluids.
[0022] Among the problems that appear when trying to obtain recoverable products from digested products, it is found that the separation process itself generates the production of considerable volumes of drainage water from the regeneration of the separation means. These volumes of drainage water are still liquids of variable composition, and concentrated in particulate matter in suspension, so they continue to be pollutants and pose a problem in terms of their management.
[0024] On the other hand, filter systems with conventional self-cleaning processes are aimed at concentrations of suspended solids much lower than those presented by this type of fluids. Usually, manufacturers of disc or mesh filtration systems do not admit concentrations of suspended solids higher than 150-250mg / l, which makes it impossible to treat in a conventional way the fluids that are intended here, whose concentrations are much higher than these values.
[0026] In conventional filter systems, the complex and heterogeneous nature of these digested or similar fluids generates obstructions in the filter media and the cleaning processes of the same are not capable of executing the washing in an effective way, as they require time high equipment stoppages that generate a large production loss or a low-performance flow balance. This is due to the fact that the high solid load coupled with the inefficiency of the self-cleaning processes determines a high frequency of activation of said self-cleaning processes and therefore, on the one hand, high volumes of water are required and, on the other, high percentages are generated. of reject water, with the consequent problem of their management.
[0027] Another drawback of current processes is that they require bulky and heavy equipment, with many auxiliary accessories for cleaning them. These equipments require a lot of space to occupy and a lot of manpower to take care of its operation.
[0029] The large space they require does not allow the digesting adaptation process to be carried out in situ at their production sites, which would allow considerable savings in transport and direct use of the products generated, as well as a reduction in the carbon footprint in the recovery of waste.
[0031] Knowing therefore that conventional processes are not capable of acting on these digests, no other process has been found in the state of the art different from the existing ones that allows the adaptation of these fluids in an efficient way and solves the mentioned drawbacks.
[0033] Description of the invention
[0035] The process of filtration of heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, which is presented here, where said fluids are formed by digested from aerobic / anaerobic digestion processes of agricultural, livestock and / or forestry remains or by solutions of similar characteristics, comprises a series of phases that are indicated below.
[0037] A first phase of fluid treatment, consisting of its circulation through at least two filtering means connected in series. These filter media are made up of filter discs and have different degrees of filtration such that the minimum retention size thereof decreases according to the direction of flow of the fluid. In this way, in this first phase, a first filtered liquid is obtained that meets a condition of content of suspended matter below a predetermined limit.
[0039] Next, a second storage phase of said first filtered liquid takes place in a final tank.
[0041] During the execution of the fluid treatment and storage phases, a third phase of air-assisted self-cleaning of at least one filter medium involved in said fluid treatment phase is carried out. This phase takes place in any of the filtering means, after the fluid has passed through them and, at the same time as the fluid is circulating through other filtering means subsequent to it according to the direction of fluid circulation, during the treatment phase thereof. This type of air-assisted self-cleaning is a cleaning mode in which a volume of air intervenes that is injected under pressure together with the cleaning water, thus helping to decompress and clean the discs. This cleaning mode reduces the volume of water involved in the cleaning process.
[0043] The process comprises a means of control that manages the maneuver orders of the processes included in each phase, as well as the values obtained in each one of them. Thus, when this control means, by means of its detection elements, detects a pressure drop equal to or greater than a certain value, it activates the self-cleaning order of said filtering means. This self-cleaning order can also be activated for other reasons.
[0045] This phase results in drainage of the solids removed during the fluid treatment.
[0047] The fourth phase consists of the storage of said solid drains, in a drainage tank. This storage phase is carried out as the self-cleaning of the filter media is carried out, therefore, as with the self-cleaning phase, this storage of drains also takes place during the performance of the fluid treatment phase in subsequent filtering means, according to the direction of fluid circulation, to the one in which self-cleaning takes place.
[0049] Next, a fifth phase of treatment of said drains is carried out, consisting of their circulation from the drainage tank through the at least two filtering means in series of the equipment such that a second filtered liquid of the like is obtained. features than the first.
[0051] Finally, a sixth storage phase of the second liquid takes place together with the first filtered liquid in the final tank.
[0053] With the process of filtration of heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter proposed here, a significant improvement of the state of the art is obtained.
[0054] Thus, it is a physical digested filtration process that enables the installation and management of a biorefinery in the field, obtaining in situ and directly recoverable products suitable for consumption in the agricultural facility itself.
[0056] With this process it is possible to efficiently filter a complex solution with a high content of suspended matter of a heterogeneous nature and variable in time, that is, the solution provided allows complete autonomy of the filtration process thanks to the self-cleaning mode assisted by air, guarantees the elimination of all solids larger than a predetermined degree of filtration and all always from an eco-efficient point of view, as it is carried out at a low operating pressure and using a minimum volume of water for regeneration filter media.
[0058] Likewise, an optimization is achieved with respect to the space occupied by treatment, labor and energy consumption.
[0060] The process also makes it possible to significantly reduce the volumes of drainage water from the cleaning of the filter media and which contain all the particles retained during the filtration phase, reaching a recovery efficiency of over 92%. This contributes to a philosophy of circular economy, achieving a reduction in the environmental footprint of agricultural and livestock activities, as well as the very use of the by-products that make up the initial biomass.
[0062] With this filtering process, it is possible to treat heterogeneous and complex waters with a very high content of suspended particulate organic material, specifically it is possible to act in fluids with much higher concentrations of suspended solids, of the order of 35-40 times. more, regarding the limits with which it is possible to operate with filtration systems with conventional self-cleaning processes.
[0064] The gradual filtration process in series makes it possible to optimize the physical treatment process, helping to ensure that the complex and heterogeneous nature of the digest, as well as its intermediate states during the filtration process, do not irreversibly obstruct the different steps and filtration stages, thus these steps and stages can perform efficiently with respect to the required cleanings.
[0065] Likewise, as it is a series process with different filtering stages, it is possible that it is distributed in filtering cycles in such a way that it is necessary to change the filtering media for others with a more demanding degree of filtering in each cycle, but It can also be an equipment that presents the ability to combine different degrees of filtration in series, in such a way that it allows the optimization of the number of changes from one degree of filtration to another and the fewer changes of filter media that have to be made, a greater process efficiency and productivity.
[0067] The different degrees of filtration included in the same equipment can share auxiliary accessories for the cleaning process, which reduces the initial investment in equipment, the space occupied as well as the volume of the equipment and its weight, in addition to allowing control of the process with a single means of autonomous control.
[0069] It is therefore an efficient, modular and easy to apply technical solution.
[0071] Brief description of the drawings
[0073] In order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of a practical embodiment thereof, a series of drawings is provided as an integral part of said description where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, it has been provided represented the following:
[0075] Figure 1.- Shows a diagram of the filtration process for heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, for a first preferred embodiment of the invention.
[0077] Figure 2.- Shows a block diagram of the filtration process for heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, for a first preferred embodiment of the invention.
[0079] Figure 3.- Shows a diagram of the filtration process for heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, for a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
[0080] Figure 4.- Shows a block diagram of the filtration process for heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, for a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
[0082] Detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention
[0084] In view of the figures provided, it can be seen how in a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the filtration process of heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, where said fluids are formed by digested from aerobic / anaerobic digestion processes of agricultural, livestock and / or forestry remains or by solutions of similar characteristics that are proposed here, comprises the following phases.
[0086] A first phase of fluid treatment (1) consisting of its circulation through at least two filtering means (2) connected in series, where said filtering means (2) have different degrees of filtering such that the minimum size retention of the same decreases according to the direction of fluid circulation. In this way, a first filtered liquid is obtained that fulfills a condition of content of suspended matter below a predetermined limit. The filter media are made up of filter discs.
[0088] The second phase of this filtration process consists of a storage (3) of the first filtered liquid in the first phase, in a final tank (DF) for its final use.
[0090] As shown in Figure 1, after the fluid enters the process from a digester (11) in which it has been generated and during the first phase of fluid treatment (1), a third phase takes place. air-assisted self-cleaning (4) of the discs of at least one filtering medium (2) that intervenes in said fluid treatment phase (1). Thus, after the passage of said fluid through a certain filter medium (2), if the process control means detects a pressure drop equal to or greater than a certain value, it activates the self-cleaning order of said filter medium. This order can also be activated for other reasons.
[0092] From this cleaning, drainage of the solids removed by said filtering means is obtained during the treatment of the fluid.
[0093] Likewise, therefore, a fourth storage phase (5) of said solids drains takes place, in a drainage tank (DD), after the self-cleaning phase (4) of any filtering medium (2) of the process.
[0095] Therefore, these phases of self-cleaning and storage (4, 5) of drains take place in at least one filter medium (2), during the treatment of the fluid (1) in filter media (2) subsequent to it, according to the flow direction of the fluid.
[0097] Next, a fifth phase of drainage treatment is carried out (6) consisting of the circulation of the same from the drainage tank (DD) through the at least two filtering means (2) in series of the equipment such that a second filtered liquid with similar characteristics as the first. The same filtering media used in the fluid treatment phase (1) intervene in this drainage treatment phase (6).
[0099] This is followed by a sixth storage phase (7) of the second liquid together with the first filtered liquid in the final tank (DF).
[0101] In this first preferred embodiment of the invention, the filtering means (2) of the equipment are connected in series and as shown in Figure 1, in the treatment phase (1) the fluid circulates consecutively through a first means of filtering (2.1), by a second filtering means (2.2) and thus up to five filtering means (2.3, 2.4, 2.5), which are those that have been considered by way of example in this first embodiment, and which do not They are in no way limiting with respect to the number of filtration media that the process may need, which varies depending on the initial characteristics of the digest, as well as the final characteristics that the fluid obtained is required to fulfill.
[0103] However, in other embodiments of the invention, as is the case of a second embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, the filtering means (2) connected in series, both of the fluid treatment phase ( 1) and in the drainage treatment phase (6), they are distributed in at least two filter cycles, so that when a cycle is completed, consisting of fluid circulation through the filtering means that compose it, if the The treatment phase does consist (17.1) of another cycle, a storage (18) of the fluid is carried out in a collection tank (DR) and an exchange (12) of the at least one filter medium of said cycle by respective filter means whose degree of The filtering has a smaller retention size than the previous cycle. The new cycle is then carried out with the new filter media installed.
[0105] At the moment when there is no subsequent cycle (17.2) to the one carried out, the fluid is stored (3) in the final tank (DF).
[0107] Thus, for example, it can happen as in this second proposed embodiment in which the equipment has only two filter means (2.1, 2.2) initially installed and in turn has four filter cycles.
[0109] Thus, the fluid begins its circulation through a first filter medium (2.1) and continues through the second filter medium (2.2) installed in series and consecutively with the first. Once the fluid has circulated through both the first and second filtering means (2.1, 2.2), the fluid (18) is stored in the collection tank (DR) and at this time, an exchange is carried out ( 12) of said first and second filtering means (2.1, 2.2) of the first cycle, by third and fourth filtering means (2.3, 2.4), corresponding to a second cycle. The degree of filtering of the filtering media, in all cycles fulfills that the minimum retention size of the same decreases according to the direction of flow of the fluid.
[0111] When it has circulated through the third and fourth filtering means (2.3, 2.4), again the fluid is stored (18) in the collection tank (DR) and the same is exchanged (12) for a fifth and sixth filter means (2.5, 2.6) corresponding to the third cycle and this operation is repeated until the number of cycles established as necessary to obtain a fluid with the desired characteristics is completed. As in this second embodiment the example of four cycles has been proposed, the storage (18) of the fluid would be carried out again after passing through the fifth and sixth filtering means (2.5, 2.6) and the subsequent exchange (12) of these by a seventh and eighth filter means (2.7, 2.8) corresponding to the fourth cycle.
[0113] In other embodiments, the number of filter means corresponding to each cycle can vary, it can be greater than that proposed in this second embodiment or even less, that is, with a single filter means per cycle. What is always true is that the filter media are connected in series and the fluid circulates from one filter medium to the next, either being connected in series initially or arranged in cycles. in which the filter media must be exchanged, but which after the exchange are also connected in series.
[0115] The arrangement of the filter media in the equipment, so that they are all installed and connected in series from the beginning, or such that they are distributed in cycles in which the filter media must be exchanged, depends on the particularities of the digest. and the fluid to be obtained, as well as the space available for the installation of the equipment.
[0117] Thus, it is always more efficient and with higher productivity when this filtration process consists of several filtration media that can be initially included in the same equipment, since the stops to be made to exchange filter media are eliminated. However, the sizing of the equipment must adhere to the design conditions that make it more restrictive, taking into account the conditions of load level, flow, selected filtration degree and type of fluid particles.
[0119] According to another aspect, this first preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, comprises a pre-treatment phase of the fluid (8), prior to the first treatment phase (1) thereof. This pretreatment phase of the fluid (8) consists of the initial circulation of said fluid through some initial filtering means (9) with a degree of filtering of a value between 1 and 5 mm.
[0121] In this first preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in said Figure 1, the fluid pretreatment phase (8) comprises a storage (10) of the resulting fluid in a supply tank (DA) connected with the filtering medium (2.1) that has a smaller minimum size of retention of the fluid treatment (1) and therefore is the first one through which it will circulate in the treatment phase (1). In this first embodiment, the pretreatment phase is a non-pressurized filtration.
[0123] In other embodiments, such as a second embodiment that is represented in Figures 3 and 4, the initial filtration means (9) are directly connected in series with the filtration means (2) of the treatment phase of the fluid (1), so that the fluid resulting from the pre-treatment phase (8) circulates from the initial filtration means (9) to the filtration means (2) of said fluid treatment phase (1).
[0124] As can be seen in Figure 2, in this first preferred embodiment of the invention, both the fluid treatment phase (1) and the drain treatment phase (6) comprise an additional refining stage (13.1, 13.2) of fluid and drain respectively, arranged after it.
[0126] In this additional refining phase (13.1, 13.2), the filtering means (16) present a degree of filtering suitable to obtain the level of quality required for both the fluid and the drainage.
[0128] Likewise, in this first preferred embodiment of the invention, on the one hand the fluid treatment phase (1) comprises a first and a second stage prior to the additional refining stage (13.1) thereof, where the first stage consists of the storage (14.1) in an intermediate tank (DI), of the fluid obtained in the treatment phase (1) and, the second stage consists of an exchange (15.1) of the filtering means (2) of the phase treatment of the fluid (1) by the filtering means (16) of the additional refining stage (13.1) capable of obtaining the level of quality required for the fluid.
[0130] Likewise, the drainage treatment phase (6) comprises a first and a second stage prior to the additional refining stage (13.2) of the drainage, the first stage being the storage (14.2) of the drainage obtained, in an intermediate tank ( DI) and, the second stage is the exchange (15.2) of the filtering means (2) of the drainage treatment phase, by the filtering means (16) of the additional refining stage (13.2) capable of obtaining the quality level required for drainage.
[0132] However, in other preferred embodiments of the invention, such as the case of the second embodiment represented in Figures 3 and 4, the filtering means (16) of the additional refining stages (13.1, 13.2) of the fluid and of the drain are directly connected with the filtering means (2) of the fluid treatment phase (1) and the drain treatment (6) respectively.
[0134] In other embodiments of the invention, the process may comprise the accumulation of the fluid resulting from passing through at least one filter medium (2), in an additional tank arranged after said filter medium (2), where said additional tank feeds the next filter medium (2). Depending on the needs, the process is projected with accumulation in additional tanks after those filtering means in which it is determined necessary, and it may be all or only some of them.
[0135] On the other hand, in this first and second proposed embodiments, each of the filtering means is formed by a single filtering station. However, in other embodiments it may happen that regardless of the filter means connected in series that the process has, each of these filter means contains one, two or more filter stations. In the cases in which it contains two or more stations, these are arranged in parallel and with the same degree of filtering so that the fluid that circulates through said filtering means is simultaneously distributed through said two, three or more stations thereof.
[0137] The filtering process of the first preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a centralized control means that manages the start of operation or stop of the elements that intervene in the process.
[0139] The described embodiments are only an example of the present invention, therefore, the specific details, terms and phrases used in the present specification are not to be considered as limiting, but are to be understood only as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis that provides an understandable description as well as sufficient information to the person skilled in the art to apply the present invention.
权利要求:
Claims (1)
[0001]
1- Filtration process of heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, where said fluids are formed by digested from aerobic / anaerobic digestion processes of agricultural, livestock and / or forestry remains or by solutions of similar characteristics, characterized in that it comprises the following: phases of - fluid treatment (1) consisting of its circulation through equipment with at least two filtering means (2) connected in series, which present different degrees of filtering such that their minimum retention size it decreases according to the direction of flow of the fluid and they are formed by filtering discs, so that a first filtered liquid is obtained that meets a condition of content of suspended matter below a predetermined limit; - storage (3) of said first filtered liquid in a final tank (DF);
- self-cleaning (4) assisted by air of at least one filtering medium (2) that intervenes in the fluid treatment phase (1), after the fluid has passed through it, where drainage of the removed solids is obtained by said filtering means (2) during the treatment of the fluid (1);
- storage (5) of said solid drains, in a drainage tank (DD); - where the self-cleaning and storage (4, 5) of drains is carried out during the treatment of the fluid (1) in filtering means (2) subsequent to that in which the self-cleaning takes place, according to the direction of fluid circulation;
- Treatment (6) of said drains consisting of their circulation from said drainage tank (DD) through the at least two filtering means (2) in series of the equipment such that a second filtered liquid of similar is obtained characteristics than the first, and;
- storage (7) of the second liquid together with the first filtered liquid in the final tank (DF).
2- Filtering process of heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, according to claim 1, characterized in that the filtering means (2) connected in series, both in the fluid treatment phase (1) and in the treatment phase of the drains (6), are distributed in at least two filtration cycles, where each cycle comprises the circulation of the fluid through at least one filter medium (2), a storage (18) of the fluid in a collection tank (DR ) and an exchange (12) of the at least one filter medium (2) of said cycle by filter means (2) respective whose degree of filtration presents a minimum retention size smaller than those of the previous cycle.
3- Filtration process of heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a fluid pre-treatment phase (8) prior to the fluid treatment phase (1), consisting of circulation initial filter thereof through initial filtering means (9) without pressurizing and with a degree of filtering of a value between 1 and 5mm.
4- Filtration process of heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, according to claim 3, characterized in that the initial filtering means (9) are directly connected in series with the filtering means (2) of the treatment phase (1 ), so that the fluid resulting from the pre-treatment phase (8) circulates from the initial filter means (9) to the filter means (2) of the fluid treatment (1).
5- Filtration process of heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, according to claim 3, characterized in that the pretreatment phase (8) comprises a storage (10) of the resulting fluid in a connected supply tank (DA) with the filtering medium (2) with a larger limit size for retention of the fluid treatment phase (1).
6- Filtration process of heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that both the fluid treatment phase (1) and the drainage treatment phase (6) comprise an additional refining stage of fluid and drainage (13.1, 13.2) respectively, arranged after it, where the filtering means (16) of said additional refining stage (13.1, 13.2) present a degree of filtering suitable to obtain the level of quality required for both fluid and drainage.
7- Filtering process of heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, according to claim 6, characterized in that the filtering means (16) of the additional refining stages of the fluid and of the drainage (13.1, 13.2) are directly connected to the filtering means (2) of the fluid treatment phase (1) and drainage treatment (6) respectively.
8- Filtration process of heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, according to claim 6, characterized in that both the fluid treatment phase (1) and the drainage treatment phase (6) comprise a first and a second previous stages to the additional refining stage (13.1, 13.2) of the same respectively, where the first stage consisting of the storage of the fluid or the drainage (14.1, 14.2) in each case, obtained from them, in an intermediate tank (DI) and, the second stage consists of an exchange (15.1, 15.2) of the filtering means (2) of the fluid treatment phase (1) and of the drainage treatment phase (6) respectively, by the filtering means (16) of the additional refining stage (13.1, 13.2) suitable to obtain the required quality level for both the fluid and the drainage.
9. Process for filtering heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the accumulation of the fluid resulting from the passage through at least one filtering medium (2) in an additional tank arranged after said medium filter (2), where said additional tank feeds the next filter medium (2).
10. Process for filtering heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each filtering medium (2) comprises two or more filtering stations arranged in parallel and with the same degree of filtering.
11. Process for filtering heterogeneous fluids that present suspended matter, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a centralized control means that manages the start of operation or stop of the elements that intervene in the process.
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引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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